Clef-Flash

• Announcement: Clef decision models on the Cloudflare blog
• Decision Index leaderboard: clef-evals.workers-ai-mle.workers.dev

Clef-Flash is a 9B multimodal model that turns a state and a schema of typed questions into decisions. It reads the state as text, JSON, images, or video, and returns a probability for every allowed option of every question in a single forward pass. There is no free-form text generation and no output parsing.

The Clef-Flash API is fully compatible with Jev and SystemOne.

Clef-Flash is post-trained from Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B. See Clef for the larger variant.

Model

• Backbone: Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B with its vision encoder, stored as standard sharded safetensors.
• Joint schema head: a small transformer head that reads the backbone's final hidden states, routes evidence from the state to each question, and scores all options of all questions jointly.
• Output: one logit per allowed option for each question. Apply a softmax per question to get probabilities.

Files

File	Purpose
model-*.safetensors, model.safetensors.index.json, config.json, generation_config.json	Backbone, including the vision encoder
joint_head.safetensors, joint_head_config.json	Joint schema head
joint_schema_model.py	Record encoding, batching, the model, load_release_model, and systemone
tokenizer.json, tokenizer_config.json, chat_template.jinja, processor_config.json	Tokenizer and image/video processor
LICENSE	Apache-2.0 license

Usage

Tested with torch 2.11 and transformers 5.10.2 on a single H200. Image and video inputs also need pillow.

import sys

import torch
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download

path = snapshot_download("Cloudflare/clef-flash")
sys.path.insert(0, path)
from joint_schema_model import collate_records, encode_record, load_release_model

model, processor = load_release_model(path, device="cuda")

record = {
    "state": {"invoice": {"vendor": "Acme", "total": 1250.0, "currency": "USD", "status": "overdue"}},
    "questions": {
        "status": {
            "type": "choice",
            "instructions": "What is the invoice status?",
            "criteria": {"paid": "Invoice is paid.", "overdue": "Invoice is past due.", "draft": "Not sent."},
        },
        "large": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Is the total above 1000 USD?"},
    },
}

encoded = encode_record(processor.tokenizer, record, processor=processor)
batch = collate_records([encoded], processor.tokenizer.pad_token_id, torch.device("cuda"))
with torch.inference_mode():
    logits = model(batch)[0]

for question, question_logits in zip(encoded.questions, logits):
    probabilities = question_logits.float().softmax(-1).tolist()
    print(question.question_id, dict(zip(question.option_ids, probabilities)))

Jev / SystemOne API

systemone takes a Jev/SystemOne POST /v1/systemone request body and returns the same response body: model, answers keyed by question ID, and usage. A choice answer has choice, confidence, and probabilities; a score answer has the expected score, confidence, legend, and probabilities; a noul answer has the probability of true. instructions is optional, and images and videos may be added to the request.

from joint_schema_model import systemone

response = systemone(model, processor, {
    "model": "clef-flash",
    "state": "Our checkout started returning errors and orders are blocked.",
    "questions": {
        "department": {
            "type": "choice",
            "instructions": "Which team should handle the message?",
            "criteria": {"billing": "Payments or invoices", "technical": "Bugs or outages"},
        },
        "urgency": {"type": "score", "criteria": ["Can wait", "This week", "Today"]},
        "outage": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Is a service down?"},
    },
})
print(response["answers"])

Images and video

Add images (PIL images) or videos (frame arrays) to the record and pass the processor to encode_record. Optional processor arguments go in media_kwargs.

from PIL import Image

record = {
    "state": {"task": "Review the attached receipt."},
    "images": [Image.open("receipt.jpg")],
    "questions": {
        "legible": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Is the receipt total legible?"},
    },
}
encoded = encode_record(processor.tokenizer, record, processor=processor)

Text-only and multimodal records can be mixed in the same batch.

Input format

Field	Description
state	Any string or JSON value describing the situation to decide on
images, videos	Optional lists of images or video frame arrays
media_kwargs	Optional keyword arguments for the image/video processor
questions	Mapping of question ID to question

Each question has:

• type: noul (true/false), choice (named options), or score (ordered options)
• instructions: what to decide; optional, and the question ID is used when it is omitted
• criteria: for choice, a mapping of option ID to description; for score, a list of option descriptions indexed from 0; for noul, optional descriptions for true and false

encode_record accepts max_length (default 16,384 tokens) and max_state_tokens to bound the input.

Results

Decision Index

Per-benchmark results from our internal run of the Decision Index 0.2.1 suite. Scores are percentages; ForecastBench is a Brier score, where lower is better. The last two rows are request latency in milliseconds, where lower is better. The best value in each row is in bold.

Benchmark	Clef	Clef-flash	Jev	DiffusionGemma Jev	Kev 9B	Laya
BFCL (case exact accuracy)	98.5	98.8	95.8	96.5	94.5	38.1
ToolRet (nDCG@10)	69.2	66.4	65.3	61.2	64.3	12.8
API-Bank (accuracy)	91.9	93.1	88.2	83.7	56.3	11.5
BANKING77 (macro-F1)	94.2	90.9	79.7	74.3	84.8	14.3
CLINC150+OOS (macro-F1)	97.4	66.8	89.3	83.5	79.0	3.2
RouterBench (selected quality)	79.7	79.9	79.9	79.0	80.0	57.1
Home appliance simulator (case exact accuracy)	83.0	97.7	52.3	42.0	25.0	0.0
SGD/SGD-X (macro-F1)	43.8	34.2	43.0	40.6	64.0	42.4
ContractNLI (macro-F1)	81.4	84.3	71.7	76.0	57.8	29.0
ANLI (macro-F1)	69.8	59.1	74.8	66.4	56.3	48.7
BPoMP (accuracy)	96.9	95.4	90.6	86.9	67.0	51.6
Humicroedit (accuracy)	66.7	75.1	61.9	63.0	55.8	47.2
POP909-CL (accuracy)	15.8	1.6	18.1	2.5	10.8	5.1
cfcolor (accuracy)	66.0	65.8	64.7	58.2	56.3	52.3
MMLU (accuracy)	90.3	91.8	91.7	79.3	75.3	30.7
GPQA Diamond (accuracy)	48.0	51.0	78.3	44.9	38.8	27.6
ARC-Easy (accuracy)	99.0	99.5	99.3	98.2	97.7	47.0
ARC-Challenge (accuracy)	97.7	98.3	97.8	94.5	93.7	28.6
WinoGrande (accuracy)	93.5	97.5	92.0	73.6	73.2	50.5
HellaSwag (accuracy)	98.2	98.6	94.5	83.3	81.9	33.1
GSM8K (accuracy)	80.8	67.3	79.9	50.3	48.7	21.6
ChessBench (accuracy)	24.7	23.0	17.2	14.2	11.2	7.7
MuSR (accuracy)	83.5	86.0	66.1	61.2	57.9	43.2
SATA-Bench (case exact accuracy)	33.8	36.7	26.4	27.5	26.7	0.3
BRIGHT (nDCG@10)	45.9	39.3	47.5	42.9	38.5	19.9
Amazon ESCI (macro-F1)	57.5	57.4	55.2	53.4	49.2	24.4
ACOS (per-review F1)	33.3	25.9	29.5	24.5	18.3	3.5
FinEntity (macro-F1)	96.2	97.1	87.0	89.0	88.4	61.0
VAST (macro-F1)	59.5	49.6	64.6	55.7	55.4	40.5
NLI4CT (macro-F1)	82.9	78.6	84.1	78.4	74.9	47.7
CRUXEval (accuracy)	86.7	86.1	73.0	64.7	51.2	40.2
CLadder (accuracy)	94.0	97.7	72.6	67.8	62.0	52.9
ForecastBench (Brier, lower is better)	13.9	10.6	17.4	29.6	17.6	41.1
Habermas Machine (accuracy)	68.7	71.8	45.9	45.0	39.4	33.4
PhishNChips (accuracy)	79.6	75.0	62.5	85.4	50.7	50.1
MMLU-Pro (accuracy)	65.9	65.3	82.7	56.9	51.1	13.6
BBH (accuracy)	73.7	68.9	92.9	70.7	65.2	34.1
RAGTruth (hallucination F1)	79.4	35.6	76.5	70.4	46.2	48.8
HoVer (accuracy)	65.2	61.2	72.9	70.9	58.8	55.8
When2Call MCQ (accuracy)	72.4	65.6	81.0	75.4	49.6	11.9
New Yorker (accuracy)	69.5	66.1	70.1	63.6	58.1	27.1
Median latency (ms)	209.3	38.8	524.1	84.4	51.4	5.8
p95 latency (ms)	238.6	122.4	536.0	211.2	187.9	222.5

Workflow evals

Decision accuracy on four end-to-end business workflows from Typesafe Evals, scored against consensus reference labels. All models are scored on the same dataset revision and case cohort.

Workflow	Metric	Clef	Clef-flash	Jev
Invoice processing	Exact actions	64.7	57.1	61.8
Invoice processing	Primary action	86.2	73.3	83.1
Customer service	Exact actions	76.3	77.0	76.0
Security incidents	Exact actions	62.9	61.7	61.7
Agent trace observability	Primary action	68.5	69.8	71.6

License

Released under the Apache-2.0 license, following the base model Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B.